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Dr. John Street Discusses The Turf in Ohio Stadium
The turf being replaced inside Ohio Stadium.
Oct. 31, 2006
DR. JOHN STREET: Good afternoon. Go Bucks!
Well, I'll start off on, I thought, a positive note, but just kind of reminding everybody, we are 9-0. We are 5-0 in the Big Ten. I didn't realize until I read it last night in the paper we have the longest winning streak in college football history this year, 16-0 and we've got at least two Heisman trophy candidates, so things are really very positive. I am a faculty member in the Department of Horticulture and Crop Science. And that department is a department within the college of Food Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, and I have a colleague with me, Pam Sherrett, who works close with me on particularly sports turf Fields and situations and she's our so-called sports turf specialist.
We have a turf grass science team at Ohio State University. Some of you may wonder if we do or not based on things that have been happening, but we do have a turf grass science team, and it is -- consists of about nine or 10 faculty, actually, that are spread across three or four different departments. Pam and I are in the department of horticulture and crop science and we have two other individuals as well, and we are, in essence, our background, we are egronomists, essentially. Years ago, when the field was converted to natural grass back in 1990, we were asked if we would provide some advising and assistance in installation of the new natural grass field and then it just became a friendship over the years since 1990 and I've been primarily the one involved or the liaison from the Department of Horticulture and Crop Science and when Pam came on board about five or six years ago as sports turf specialist, we invited her to be part of our team.
So we have a team of turf grass experts, and that team consists of myself and Pam Sherrett. It consists of Don Patko, the assistant athletic director. It consists of Brian Gimbel, who is athletic superintendent of grounds, and his two assistants Brian Blount and Brent Packer. Those three gentlemen are graduates of our turf grass science program. Our turf grass science program, we normally, on the average, have somewhere in the range of 80 to 100 undergraduates. The majority of those are primarily students that are interested in the golf course industry, but we have started a sports turf program and now we have probably somewhere in the range of 20 to 25 students, perhaps, that their major is sports turf science, and as I said, Brian, Brian, and Brent, are graduates of our program several years ago.
Our team -- that is our team then and our team meets several times per year to discuss short-term and long-term management strategies for the Ohio Stadium field and during the growing season -- or during the playing season, which we hope is the growing season, we meet on a weekly or biweekly basis, and in many cases, we're in constant communication several times during the week.
So that's kind of the way the process is set up. We do have a team of experts that sit down around the table periodically and talk about what is best for Ohio Stadium field and how we can give the Ohio State Buckeyes the best possible playing surface that we can and as the spokesman today, I feel we have, over the years, given Ohio State an excellent playing surface, the vast majority of the time. You have to understand that we're dealing with a living entity, grass. And you have to understand that the keys to the success in that system, there's obviously multiple factors that are involved, one of the factors, of course, is the environment of the weather, and we won't get into a lot of detail about that, I don't think I have to tell you what the month of October has been like but I have a lot of stats here if any of you are interested in some specific stats.
It's probably been the worst October on record certainly from our standpoint for growing grass and getting grass to recover and getting seed to germinate. So anyway, the month of October, it's the highest rainfall month on record, we've had six and a half inches. Our average temperatures have been 10 degrees below normal. Our average temperatures in October, highs have been in the low to mid 40s with nighttime temperatures usually in the 30s. Now, that's the average temperatures. And as I said, the rainfall has been six and a half inches, which is four inches above average.
As I looked at the rainfall records before I came over here, I should point out that in -- or prior to Bowling Green, that week we had 1.6 inches of rain and that occurred on Wednesday and Thursday, so the field was covered. The Indiana game, we had 2.6 inches of rain, the week of the Indiana game. I think it rained every day, had a half an inch of rain on Thursday, quarter of an inch of rain on Friday, the field was covered. Minnesota game, light precipitation Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, and 1.32 inches of rain Thursday and Friday. The field was covered.
So that produces a scenario, obviously, for wet field conditions. And on natural grass, wet field conditions are not the best. Even though we tarped, it's very difficult to dry a field out when you have rainfall patterns like that, and rainfall patterns occurring that close to the games. We depend on what we call evapotranspiration, which is what we call the evaporation of water from the surface, and during the month of October, this may not mean anything to you, but our evapotranspiration rates were .01, five hundredths of an inch per day, that means evaporating water at that low rate. And when you have water coming in at one or two inches a week and you can only evaporate a hundred to five hundredths of an inch a week, it's not easy to keep the field dry.
So we had a problem with our drying capacity. Typically in October, we would expect evapotranspiration rates somewhere in the range of .1 to .15 to two inches a day. So that kind of keeps up with normally, in a normal October, any rain that we might get and it helps significantly eliminate the necessity for tarping. I think when I talked to Brian this morning, Donny and him calculated that perhaps we had the field tarped during those three games, preceding those three games, somewhere in the range of 10 to 12 days, just straight tarping, 24 hours a day. So because of that, it has been difficult to produce a grass that has the capability of to recover real well, and secondly, produce a situation where we get good seed germination. These low average day and nighttime temperatures that we've had have made it very difficult to get good recovery on the field.
We recently resodded, as you well know, and it was with thick-cut Kentucky bluegrass sod, and we know that sod has not performed up to our expectations and standards. It's not performed up to your expectations and standards, it's not performed up to our agronomic expectations and standards. We have high standards. We've been surprised as to what's happened. A lot of the problems are a result of what I've just described to you, the weather, the fact that we've had to tarp 10 or 12 days during that three or four-week period.
I would also remind you that, again, the average temperatures for the month of October have been 10 degrees below normal, making it very difficult for turf recovery and for seed germination which we rely on during this period of time. I would also remind you that if you would go back, I don't have this record, but it's a high probability that the number of sunny days we had in October were very few. So just as kind of, in a layman's sense, turf grass relies on sunlight to grow and recover. Sunlight results in photosynthesis, which is the manufacturing system in the plant for producing food, and that food is used for recovery and for root growth. And when you have cloudy days like we had with no sun and then you put a tarp on the field 10 to 12 days out of that three to four-week period, you're producing a situation where that turf is not getting what it needs to recover well, even under the best agronomic practices.
So that's part of what the problem is, we feel. So the turf is, in essence, not very happy under those kinds of conditions, if you want to put it in very layman's terms. Our agronomic team had an excellent plan. I must mention that we have resodded Ohio Stadium several times over the years for different reasons, and an example would be in 1993, we thick-sodded Ohio Stadium field with absolutely no problems. We know how to do this. In 1996, we resodded the field again completely with thick-cut sod, Kentucky bluegrass thick-cut sod, just like we did previously. That sod remained in place, I talked with Brian this morning, through the 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 season and also was played on by the national major league soccer for three years during that period, and it held up very well. We had no major problems.
So we were very confident in our decision based on the factors that were happening to make this decision to move to a new field, which we hoped would last through the end of the season. This is the standard practice in the NFL and it's a standard practice at other universities and colleges. And Pam and I and others have studied it and it can be very successful. Again, due to the weather conditions and other factors that we are examining and are under investigation, we're just trying to figure out why this sod and this particular resodding operation didn't perform up to our expectations.
We had a good plan, as I said, and we've instituted the same plan on resodding jobs we've done in Ohio Stadium over the years and in that 1996 to 1999 season, we maintained very high quality turf and most of those practices were instituted for this same turf that we recently put in. The team gave it its best effort, and I can do nothing but applaud the time and the effort that Don Patko, Brian Gimbel, Brian Blount, and Brent Packer put in on that resodding operation. The agronomic program was a good one. We followed it, but for some reason, again, which is under investigation, we could not get the turf from that sodding operation. And it's very unusual, it can happen, and it does happen at times, and the weather is a big part of it, but we could not get it to respond the way we wanted it to respond. We had growth tarp, not -- we had a growth cover, not a tarp on the field during most of the week of the Minnesota game until we had to tarp it because of rain. And we were disappointed when the turf came out from underneath that growth cover because that is like a mini-greenhouse effect under there that enhances the temperature for recovery and for germination. We were disappointed at what we saw when we took the growth cover off, and I believe that was last Wednesday. So we knew that we had to get back together and talk and decide what we might want to do depending on what happened in the Minnesota game.
So our decision with direct input from Gene Smith and then the coaches, after we looked at the field, after the Minnesota game, our decision was to, again, resod it. Our ultimate objective was proactive. Our ultimate objective from now until the game, "The Game," is to provide Ohio State University with the best possible natural grass surface we can give them and I think our decision-making process is a positive one, and right now where we are is that the field sod is -- the old sod has been cut off. They're in the process of installing the new sod right now. You're probably well aware that the sod is coming from the East Side Nursery south of town here, and the team has been out there and inspected the field.
We are very, very happy with the quality of the sod. We feel it's going to provide an excellent playing surface and once we get it in, which we anticipate will be hopefully by Friday, Don, we have two weeks to get it to grow in and heal in before the Michigan game and we don't anticipate any major problems and we don't anticipate we'll have to do much -- we won't be doing any tarping, recovering, it's a field that's got 100% cover, it's very tight, it's going to provide great safety and playability, we're absolutely sure of that, and if there's some rain that comes in prior to the game, towards the middle of the week we will tarp, but the tarps won't be on long enough to have much if any impact on the quality of that field. We have also an agronomic plan in place for the maintenance of this new field. There's not a lot we can do, but we know what needs to be done and we have a plan in place. We've already talked some about it. We're going to fine-tune that, and that's where we are. And so if there are any questions, we'd be glad to entertain questions.