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History of the AstroTurf Brand
AstroTurf — it’s one of the most iconic brands in sports. While everyone recognizes the name, not everyone knows the history.
Houston Astrodome AstroTurf 1966
AstroTurf borrows its name from the Houston Astrodome, where it was first used in a professional sports venue fifty years ago this year. The space race was in full swing. It was a time of palpable optimism. A certain belief that man could conquer the constraints of nature with ingenuity and forward-thinking progress pervaded. The Astrodome was built in the midst of this feverish pursuit of the impossible. It was the first domed stadium and it was a marvel of sports architecture.
There was a major problem, though. The clear Lucite panels that comprised the dome created a glare. Astros outfielders and their opponents were blinded as they attempted — and failed — to catch pop-ups. The initial solution was to paint the ceiling to cut the glare. It worked, but another problem arose. Deprived of adequate sunlight, the grass died!
Meanwhile, Monsanto just had invented a brand new product they called “ChemGrass”. During the Korean War, the U.S. Army had found urban recruits to be less physically fit than rural recruits. Attributing this to lack of green space in cities, the Ford Foundation funded research for Monsanto to create a synthetic grass replica.
The Astrodome brought Monsanto in to install ChemGrass. It was a great success, and Monsanto capitalized on the popularity of its high profile installation to rebrand their grass replica. Thus the “AstroTurf” brand was born.
Entire article: https://www.astroturf.com/about-synthetic-turf/astroturf-history/
Whatever Happened to ... War Memorial Stadium?
The Buffalo Bills start a new season as the NFL kicks off this week, and the Bills’ stadium has a new name this year — New Era Field.
Before that, the place had been called Ralph Wilson Stadium – nicknamed “The Ralph” – and before that was known as Rich Stadium.
In the days prior to Rich/Ralph/New Era, the Bills played their home games in Buffalo’s War Memorial Stadium, a much-maligned arena also known as “The Rockpile.”
The Bills won an AFL title there and later lost a championship game at The Rockpile that would have gotten the team into the first Super Bowl.
O.J. Simpson started his pro football Hall of Fame career there. Baseball Hall of Famer Johnny Bench got his final minor-league seasoning at The Rockpile as a member of the Buffalo Bisons. Robert Redford starred in an Academy Award-nominated film, The Natural, which was filmed largely at War Memorial Stadium.
So, Whatever Happened To … Buffalo's War Memorial Stadium?
The stadium opened in 1937 at the corner of Best Street and Jefferson Avenue, built as a Works Progress Administration program during the years of the Great Depression.
Originally called Charles E. Roesch Memorial Stadium, the place was re-named Civic Stadium in 1938.
In the early years, the stadium was used for parades and civic gatherings, high school and college sports and boxing and wrestling matches. Pro football teams came and went. When the Bills started play as an original franchise of the American Football League in 1960, the stadium was expanded and renamed War Memorial Stadium.
The Bills played remarkably well during some of their Rockpile years with stars like Jack Kemp, Billy Shaw and Cookie Gilchrist. The team captured the AFL championship in 1964 with a win over San Diego at War Memorial Stadium and then repeated the following year with a road win over the same team. The 1966 AFL title game, also played at The Rockpile, was when the Bills lost to Kansas City, who played in the inaugural Super Bowl.
It wasn’t long before team officials began complaining about the facility.
The AFL and NFL had announced plans to merge leagues and the War Memorial was deemed unsuitable for NFL play. Bills owner Ralph Wilson called the place “totally inadequate,” and was quoted in a 1968 news story saying, “All owners who bring their clubs into Buffalo are appalled by the stadium.”
“It was different in that the fans were right close to the field and it was the same fans that sat behind the bench year after year,” Shaw said in the Rappoport book. “They knew us, our wives, our children. We knew them, and if they weren’t at a game, we would ask, ‘Where is Sally, Sue or Jim?’ It was that kind of atmosphere – a real family atmosphere.”
War Memorial Stadium also was home for some time to the Buffalo Bisons baseball team. Johnny Bench, arguably the greatest catcher ever, played at the Rockpile during the 1967 season. That is, until rioting during those tumultuous Civil Rights times forced the team to play games in nearby Niagara Falls.
The Bills played their last season at The Rockpile in 1972.
The stadium sat mostly dormant for the next several years until a new version of the baseball Bisons arrived in 1979 and called the facility home.
Movie producers selected War Memorial Stadium for the 1984 film The Natural because the place had the right look for an old-time ballpark. (Crews also checked Silver Stadium in Rochester, but ruled it out because it looked “too modern.”)
When the baseball Bisons moved into brand-new Pilot Field in 1988, that sealed the fate of The Rockpile. The old stadium was largely demolished, except for two entrances that were preserved.
A high school athletic field remains at the old site.
Entire article: https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2016/09/10/whatever-happened-rockpile/90182268/
Johnnie B. Wiley Amateur Athletic Sports Pavilion
War Memorial Stadium was demolished shortly after the Bisons moved downtown to Pilot Field. A high school athletic field (Johnnie B. Wiley Amateur Athletic Sports Pavilion – c. 1997) remains at the old site and serves as one of Buffalo's three major high school football fields (the others being All-High Stadium and the field at Riverside Institute of Technology); the field also was the home of the Buffalo Gladiators, an adult amateur football team.
The northwest and southwest entrance to the old stadium was demolished, but the northeast and southeast entrance was saved and preserved. A small baseball diamond is on the former field's southwest corner.
Entire article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_Memorial_Stadium_(Buffalo,_New_York)