As far as educating & informing I could give you a list as long as your pencil, here though are some that will make you think.
Some fiction:
Philip Jose Farmer has his Riverworld Series; everyone that I know that has finished the first book HAS to read all of them. Like all series books though, try to get them in order.
Orson Scott Card has several good books. In Xenocide, a sequel to Ender’s Game, he does a great job giving an OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) girl a major role. He describes what it is pretty accurately, and this was done before OCD became mental health buzzwords.
These descriptions aren’t mine, they’re from the inside jacket flaps:
Still Life with Woodpecker, by Tom Robbins, is sort of a love story that takes place inside a pack of Camel cigarettes. It reveals the purpose of the moon, explains the difference between criminals and outlaws, examines the conflict between social activism and romantic individualism, and paints a portrait of contemporary society that includes powerful Arabs, exiled royalty, and pregnant cheerleaders. It also deals with the problem of redheads.
Butterfly Revolution by William Butler: Welcome to High Pines Summer Camp for Boys. There is hiking, swimming, canoeing--and a revolution led by General Frank. He promises change for the better, but little by little, he begins to change, and the revolution turns into a nightmare....
This is similar to Animal Farm or maybe Lord of the Flies.
Some nonfiction:
The Ten Things You Can't Say In America by Larry Elder
Blacks are More Racist than Whites
White Condescension is as Real as Black Racism
The Media Bias: It's Real, It's Widespread, It's Destructive
The Glass Ceiling: Full of Holes
America's Greatest Problem: Illegitimacy
The Big Lie: Our Health Care Crisis
The Welfare State: Helping Us to Death
Republican v. Democrat: Maybe a Dime's worth of Difference, One's for Big Government, One's for Bigger
Vietnam II: The War on Drugs, and We're Losing that One Too
Gun Control Advocates: Good Guys with Blood on Their Hands
For light science fiction told with the hero being (or becoming) a liberatarian, anything by L. Neal Smith.
