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Concussions, CTE, and other traumatic brain injuries in football

To quote a wise man, I fear one day our children look back on football the way we now look at cigarettes.

At the same time, I sincerely believe the game is safer than it's ever been and is getting safer every day. To what extent – I don't know for sure. I do think these new discoveries, while frightening, are absolutely vital to ensuring the game's survival. You can't make the game safer when you don't know all the risks and consequences.

Entire article: https://www.elevenwarriors.com/skull-sessions/2018/07/94617/skull-session-ohio-state-football

What's it going to look like in 10 years? 20 years?

At the youth level the numbers are dwindling. I think Football might become an even more regional sport than it already is now, with the south plus Ohio, maybe Pennsylvania and a few other areas but all in all I think football as a sport has seen its heyday.
 
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I read an article years ago comparing the physiques of players. More than penalties etc. ... I think they need to have something like weight classes for different positions. A kind of health check before games. Especially for linemen. Limit weight to something more like 250... but ideally a standard that's more current than 70s BMI or similar ?

Tangentially related, I'm waiting for VR to really take off. Like an NCAA MMO type game where you can assemble a whole team and individuals play from their living room... it'd be fitness, sport, and video gaming in 1 package.
 
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Just sayin': Needless to say, it can happen in other sports too:



Former Detroit Tigers catcher Bill Freehan one of many ex-athletes feeling the long-term effects of concussions
Sept. 4, 2019
At a recent birthday celebration in their Vinegar Flats neighborhood, Rick Freehan sat on a sofa next to his wife, Carole, and chatted about typical neighborhood topics. A sighting of young beavers playing in Latah Creek. A neighbor’s adventures mixing sheep and goats.

Usual neighborhood stuff.

But when a friend arrived wearing a souvenir T-shirt from the National Baseball Hall of Fame in Cooperstown, New York, he changed topics.

“You know, my brother should have been inducted into the Hall of Fame,” he said. “He was an 11-time All-Star and he won three Gold Gloves as a catcher.”

Freehan’s brother, Bill, was a catcher with the Detroit Tigers from 1961, when he was called up as a 19-year-old, until he was released in 1976. He was a major cog in the Tigers’ run to a 1968 World Series win over Bob Gibson and the St. Louis Cardinals.

“He always said he hurt his chances to get into the Hall when he was released,” Freehan added later. “Toronto wanted to sign him and have him be their designated hitter, and he could have really padded his stats. But he was a Detroit boy, and he already made more money in business than he made playing baseball.”

Playing behind the plate in the major leagues has always been a rough-and-tumble business. Catchers were taught to block the plate, base runners taught to plow through them.

What’s more, baseballs fouled off a catcher’s mask are enough to leave a player with “their bell rung.”

In other words, concussions were commonplace. In all sports.

“(Bill) was a three-sport athlete and he played quarterback in high school,” Rick explained. “Notre Dame wanted him to come play football, but they wouldn’t let him play baseball, too. So he played football and baseball at Michigan before he signed with the Tigers.

“He lost track of just how many concussions he had over the years. It was just too many concussions.”

Bill Freehan, now 77, lives in hospice care, having suffered from severe dementia for years. A story in the Detroit Free Press last year reported that he can no longer walk, speak or feed himself.

What is known about the effect of repeated trauma to the brain has been under intense scrutiny since it was discovered by forensic pathologist Dr. Bennet Omalu 17 years ago. In medical terms, experts are just now scratching the surface about the neurodegenerative disease he named Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE).

Entire article: https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2019/sep/04/he-lost-track-of-just-how-many-concussions-he-had-/
 
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What's it going to look like in 10 years? 20 years?

At the youth level the numbers are dwindling. I think Football might become an even more regional sport than it already is now, with the south plus Ohio, maybe Pennsylvania and a few other areas but all in all I think football as a sport has seen its heyday.

Speaking as a youth football commissioner....this may end up being the case in a decade or two, but my numbers were up for the 4th straight year. Who knew....I think a lot of it is because my side of Pataskala is rapidly growing but we had 10 more football players this year than last year. Last year we had 35 more than the year previous to that and so on....
 
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The family of Zach Hoffpauir is hoping some good can come out of tragedy.

Last Thursday morning, Zach Hoffpauir passed away at the age of 26. No cause of death for the former Stanford football and baseball player has been released. Hoffpauir’s father, though, stressed to Jon Wilner of the San Jose Mercury News that his son did not commit suicide.

Doug Hoffpauir also confirmed to Wilner that the family has donated Hoffpauir’s brain for concussion research. The younger Hoffpauir had previously publicly acknowledged that he had suffered several concussions during his football playing days. He had also battled depression, including a suicide attempt last year, as well as being diagnosed with Lyme disease.
 
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The family of Zach Hoffpauir is hoping some good can come out of tragedy.

Last Thursday morning, Zach Hoffpauir passed away at the age of 26. No cause of death for the former Stanford football and baseball player has been released. Hoffpauir’s father, though, stressed to Jon Wilner of the San Jose Mercury News that his son did not commit suicide.

Doug Hoffpauir also confirmed to Wilner that the family has donated Hoffpauir’s brain for concussion research. The younger Hoffpauir had previously publicly acknowledged that he had suffered several concussions during his football playing days. He had also battled depression, including a suicide attempt last year, as well as being diagnosed with Lyme disease.


Any word on if Harbaugh has donated his brain for concussion research? It would explain a lot.
 
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Any word on if Harbaugh has donated his brain for concussion research? It would explain a lot.

Well it has to be some place, do you think he left it a Stanford (for research) when he was there?

stanford_center_for_continuing_medical_education_1542259244.jpg


Brain Performance Center

Our Mission: To advance the neuroscience of brain performance in development, injury, and aging and to improve the lives of those with brain performance impairments.

http://med.stanford.edu/braincenter.html
 
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Well it has to be some place, do you think he left it a Stanford (for research) when he was there?

stanford_center_for_continuing_medical_education_1542259244.jpg


Brain Performance Center

Our Mission: To advance the neuroscience of brain performance in development, injury, and aging and to improve the lives of those with brain performance impairments.

http://med.stanford.edu/braincenter.html

It makes sense that they would want it; his brain would give them data on a multitude of impairments.

And it would definitely explain the blank stares, among other things.
 
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Claude Lemieux's brain being donated for CTE research, family says

Claude Lemieux's brain is being donated to the Boston University CTE Center to research the long-term effects of repetitive brain injuries, his family said Saturday in a statement released by daughter Claudia Lemieux Bishop.

Lemieux died by suicide at age 60 on Thursday, according to authorities, after earlier in the week serving as the Montreal Canadiens' torchbearer before a playoff game. He played nearly 1,500 NHL games with six teams from 1983 to 2009 and was known for his hard-hitting style and ability to perform in big games on the way to winning the Stanley Cup four times.

The family said it gave the CTE Center permission to publicly share any findings with Lemieux's name, adding that no conclusions should be drawn regarding any diagnosis.

"Claude dedicated his post-playing career to helping the next generation," the family said, referring to Lemieux becoming an agent. "By allowing his name to be connected to this research, we hope his life can contribute to greater understanding, more honest conversations and better protection for athletes and families in the years ahead."
 
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Studies from England on rugby, and European study on soccer reveal the same level of rain injuries as football.
I'm no expert on head injuries, but it was explained to me by someone else who also probably isn't an expert that all the little head collisions can add up to being a big head injury. Soccer players who hit the ball with their head a lot can often show signs later in life of having concussions. Offensive and defensive linemen, too - they don't often get in the big hits the way receivers and quarterbacks can. But in most plays, their helmet/facemask is getting hit. Those little hits add up.
I don't know much about rugby, but I'd imagine that rugby players are often hitting heads.
 
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Rugby = football contact without a helmet. The major findings of research here are that injuries are widespread across sports and most prominent in rugby. SA is a pioneering actor in promoting changes in sports that reduce traumatic brain injuries (TBIs).

The SA Sports Science Institute is involved actively in promoting research on TBIs in sports and has links to Ohio State. Their founder, Prof Tim Noakes (OSU bio) recently was a keynote speaker at Ohio State on the opening of a sports nutrition symposium. He is a world renowned sports scientist having published more than 750 papers in his career.

There is a private SA initiative, Sports Concussion South Africa but the most active research is being done Stellenbosch University, the University of Cape Town, and the University of Pretoria. If someone on BP is interested in TBI research, I hope the information below may be helpful. These universities (especially UCT) have an excellent international standing in medicine. I used Gemini AI to summarize individual units within the universities:

University of Cape Town (UCT)
UCT bridges the gap between acute neurosurgical care and the psychological/cognitive side of sports injuries. [
  • UCT Neuroscience Institute: Equipped with major philanthropic and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) grants, the Neuroscience Institute studies acute head trauma mechanics, long-term brain health, and advanced neuroimaging.
  • ACSENT Laboratory: Operating within the Department of Psychology, this lab investigates the cognitive impacts, ⁠myths, and medical help-seeking behaviours associated with concussions among high school and university students.

Stellenbosch University (SU)
Stellenbosch University is a primary hub for sports-related head trauma research, heavily integrated with student-athlete tracking and international sports bodies.
  • Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM): Operating as an ⁠IOC Research Centre, ISEM frequently publishes epidemiological data tracking high concussion rates among university-level rugby players.
  • Clinical and Cellular Impact Studies: Researchers through the university focus on the cumulative cellular degradation caused by repetitive sub-concussive hits in contact sports.
  • Adolescent Athlete Databases: The university manages the ⁠South African Adolescent Athlete Database, evaluating TBI risks and injuries in youth soccer and rugby academies.

University of Pretoria (UP)
UP's focus is highly clinical, translating field injuries into localized sports medicine policies.
  • Section Sports Medicine: Academic clinicians here publish heavily on the implementation and adherence to ⁠concussion return-to-play protocols among amateur athletes and schoolboy rugby coaches.
  • Sports Concussion South Africa: Faculty members collaborate directly with this national organization to consult for the South African Rugby Union (SARU) on professional safety metrics.
 
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